Racial Differences in Residential Environment

“The sources of violent crime…are remarkably invariant across race and rooted instead in the structural differences among communities, cities, and states in economic and family organization,”p. 41
In the 171 largest cities in the U.S., there is not even one city where whites live in ecological equality to blacks in terms of poverty rates or rates of single-parent households.
“The worst urban context in which whites reside is considerably better than the average context of black communities.” p.41
Source: Sampson & Wilson 1995

“The sources of violent crime…are remarkably invariant across race and rooted instead in the structural differences among communities, cities, and states in economic and family organization,”p. 41